Pericles Funeral Speech and Jefferson Declaration of Independence Essay Essays

Pericles Funeral Speech and Jefferson Declaration of Independence Essay Essays Pericles Funeral Speech and Jefferson Declaration of Independence Essay Essay Pericles Funeral Speech and Jefferson Declaration of Independence Essay Essay September 11. 2001. two planes crash into the World Trade Center. people plunging out Windowss to their deceases. a plane clangs into the Pentagon. highjackers overtaken by riders and crash the plane into a field in Pennsylvania. December 2003. mass Gravess uncovered in Iraq. regards of Saddam Husayn. May. 2004. a web page shows terrorists cutting off the caput of Nick Berg. August 2004. over 350 kids are executed by terrorists in a school in Russia. Democracy is being threatened by puzzling Zealots all over the universe. The United States have fought for Democracy as far back as the Revolutionary War. and both World Wars. Once once more our military is being asked to do the ultimate forfeit in the onslaught on democracy against these Zealots. Contending for democracy has been the cause of wars since the yearss of Pericles. Pericles provinces that â€Å"Our fundamental law does non seek to copy the Torahs of our neighbours ; we are an illustration to others. non impersonators of them† . During his clip there was normally one swayer that had the power over life and decease. the mass of people did non affair. In Athens this was far from the instance. Athens created its ain authorities. one that was for the people. and benefited the people. Pericles said with strong belief. â€Å"As far as public life is concerned. we live as free men† . The people of Athens had a authorities that supported them ; they were all equal in the eyes of the authorities. The metropolis of Athens stood by itself ; it needed no others to assist it. She left her gates unfastened to all and did non concern herself with excepting aliens. Her military stood entirely. Athens neer advanced into another district with Allies ; she did it entirely. He besides marvels in the fact that Athens does non populate for the fright of war. He states that they live free. but are ever ready if in danger. He even goes so far to state that his enemies are happy with a triumph over a little portion of the ground forces. Pericles praises Athens for her signifier of authorities – democracy – because it is merely in a democracy that citizens are encouraged to lend and take part in self-government. Democracy brings equality. merit brings public success. societal and economic mobility is encouraged. and the jurisprudence protects all: â€Å"We entirely see the adult male who refuses to take portion in metropolis personal businesss useless. † Pericles announces. And he gets in a excavation at Sparta by proudly proclaiming that â€Å"rather than look upon treatment as a stumbling-block in the manner of action. we think it is an indispensable preliminary to any wise action at all. † Pericles encourages his audience â€Å"to recognize the illustriousness of Athens† and bask everything the metropolis has to offer: â€Å"Further. we provide many ways to review the head from the loads of concern. We hold competitions and offer forfeits all the twelvemonth unit of ammunition. and the elegance of our private constitutions forms a day-to-day beginning of pleasance and helps to drive away sorrow. The magnitude of our metropolis draws the green goods of the universe into our seaport. so that to the Athenian the fruits of other states are as familiar a luxury as those of his ain. † What Pericles negotiations about in his address is about dimmed in importance by how he delivers the message. It is Pericles’ rhetoric that makes this address celebrated and the theoretical account for so many others in the class of history. Throughout his address. Pericles holds up glorification as the inducement for work forces to hotfoot to conflict for their freedom: Athens is a glorious metropolis because of the forfeits of old coevalss of work forces. and this coevals. excessively. must shoulder its load. And while contending for your state can assist convey about a triumph. it besides has the benefit of conveying you personal glorification. something Pericles believes can be gained in no other manner than by deceasing for your state: â€Å"Realize for yourself the power of Athens. and feed your eyes upon her twenty-four hours after twenty-four hours. till you become her devoted lover. Then. when all her illustriousness interruptions upon you. reflect that it was by bravery. sense of responsibility and a acute feeling of award in action that work forces were enabled to win all this. and that no personal failure in an endeavor could do them consent to strip their state of their heroism. but they laid it at her pess as the most glorious part they could offer. By this common offering of their lives made by them all. they each of them separately received that fame which neer grows old. For a burial chamber they have won non so much that grave in which their castanetss are here deposited. but that noblest of shrines wherein their glorification is laid up to be everlastingly remembered upon every juncture on which title or narrative shall fall for its memorialization. For heroes have the whole Earth for their grave. † Pericles’ address is surely persuasive. Its passion is based in world. It is a powerful to see a state mourn its war dead. In the terminal Pericles accomplishes his end to animate a metropolis in mass bereavement for its lost warriors. Woodrow Wilson was faced with a call to weaponries when in 1917 he proclaimed American entryway into World War I a campaign to do the universe â€Å"safe for democracy. † Pericles. in his funeral oration. negotiations of heroism as being really honest. He remarks that â€Å"Choosing to decease defying. instead than to populate submitting† is a bold and brave act and it deserves congratulations and glorification. He says the soldiers â€Å"fled merely from dishonour. but met danger face to face† . Abraham Lincoln was faced with a similar undertaking. The Gettysburg Address was delivered on November 19. 1863. at Gettysburg. Pennsylvania. during dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery. Lincoln’s address is more low than Pericles. but merely as passionate. He is careful in non adverting either side of the war ; he merely speaks of the state as a whole. â€Å"Now we are engaged in a great civil war. proving whether the state. or any state so conceived and so dedicated can long digest. We are met on a great battleground of that war. We have come to give a part of that field as the concluding resting-place for those who here gave their lives that this state might populate. † Lincoln pays testimonial to non merely the Union ground forces. but the Confederate as good. by stating â€Å"The brave work forces. life and dead. who struggled here. have consecrated it. far above our hapless power to add or take away. † There are obvious analogues between Pericles’ and Lincoln’s addresss. They both set out to carry through the same thing merely in different ways. Another celebrated author and bookman with a similar position of Athenian society. Sophocles. take to voice his sentiment through dramatist. Specifically in his two great calamities Oedipus the King and Antigone. Pericles and Sophocles. although coming from different terminals of the spectrum ( the aforementioned oratory or rhetoric and the latter fictional ) . both consider the person and the province in their plants and come to similar decisions with some exclusions. Pericles expresses his positions in his â€Å"Funeral Oration† . where he boasts of the great qualities of Athens. its citizens and soldiers. Sophocles injects his ideas and thoughts into his two chef-doeuvres. Oedipus the King and Antigone. In the undermentioned paper. I will compare the men’s thoughts and positions on the topic of the person and the province. In peculiar. their ideas on the importance of military excellence. award. bravery. and positions on adult females. Both work forces considered trueness in conflict and engagement in public affairs really of import. Harmonizing to Pericles. military accomplishments and awards make up for anything incorrect one does as a citizen ( for illustration. declining to take portion in metropolis personal businesss ) . The Greeks evidently looked upon excellence in the military really extremely. of all our neighbours. we entirely consider the adult male who refuses to take portion in metropolis personal businesss as useless†¦ . For there is justness in the claim that staunchness in his nation’s conflicts provides a cloak to cover a man’s other imperfectnesss ; the good action smudges out the bad. and his virtue as a citizen more than outweighs his m istakes as an person ( Pericles 58-59. 60 ) . Sophocles expresses similar positions on the affair in his drama Antigone. Creon negotiations of trueness to the province as holding arrant importance: As I see it. whoever assumes the undertaking. the amazing undertaking of puting the city’s class. and refuses to follow the soundest policies but fearing person. maintain his lips locked tight. he’s utterly worthless†¦ . But whoever proves his trueness to the province – I’ll award that adult male in decease every bit good as life ( Antigone 48-49 ) . Creon backs up his words with actions. He goes on to speak of Eteocles and Polynices. the two boies of Oedipus: Eteocles will be given a proper entombment. since he went down contending for Thebes. being loyal to his metropolis ; Polynices. on the other manus. committed lese majesty and went against everything Creon stands for and believes in. therefore â€Å"he must be left unburied. his cadaver carrion for the birds and Canis familiariss to rupture. an lewdness for the citizens to lay eyes on! These are my rules. Never at my custodies will the treasonist be honored above the patriot† ( Antigone 49 ) . As examined. nationalism was held really extremely by the Greeks. as seen in Pericles’s oration and Sophocles’s plays we once more come across an intersection in both statesmen’s thoughts. this clip on the topic of bravery. Pericles. in his funeral oration. negotiations of heroism as being really honest. He remarks that â€Å"Choosing to decease defying. i nstead than to populate submitting† ( Pericles 60 ) is a bold and brave act and it deserves congratulations and glorification. He says the soldiers â€Å"fled merely from dishonour. but met danger face to face† ( Pericles 60 ) . Make these features bring anyone we know to mind? The reply is yes. and two people come to mind: Antigone and Oedipus. Sophocles’s diacetylmorphine ( Antigone ) is the ultimate illustration of the topic Pericles discusses. True. Antigone was non a soldier. but she went against her uncle’s beliefs and bids. and did what was right harmonizing to the Gods. In burying her brother and so denoting her actions to the universe. she â€Å"fled merely from dishonour. but met danger face to face. † Antigone questioned Creon and proudly stated she was the wrongdoer. and did non repent her actions. Oedipus. alternatively of giving in to destine. combat it for every bit long as he could until destine eventually all in him. Although it seems that Sophocles Hagiographas parallel Pericles positions on women’s lower status. certain extracts provide a footing that Sop hocles’ positions contradict those presented in the Funeral Oration. Pericles provinces. â€Å"if I must state anything on the topic of female excellence†¦ . Great will be your glorification in non falling short of your natural character ; and greatest will be hers who is least talked of among the work forces whether for good or for bad† ( Pericles 61-62 ) . In an extract from Sophocles’ Oedipus the King. it is seen that Oedipus gives great weight to Jocasta’s sentiment. Oedipus compares narratives with Jocasta on the decease of the male monarch. He listens to Jocasta’s side of the narrative. non seting her in a low-level place or looking at her as inferior ( Oedipus the King 23 ) . In Summation. Pericles and Sophocles ( although coming from different terminals of the spectrum ) both consider the person and the province in their plants and come to similar decisions with some exclusions on the different facets of the relationship. They both praise trueness. engagement in province personal businesss. and honest decease. To observe. in my research I found more look of Sophocles’s positions which correlate with Pericles’s in Antigone and non so much in Oedipus the King. All three of three of the pieces were written in times when the definition of freedom. independency. democracy were still new and non good defined in their several societies. But still in each piece the message is similar and really clear. That message is that it is necessary and good for people to give themselves for their beliefs and the good of their society.

Participating in NaNoWriMo 2018 Caution! - Jerry Jenkins

Participating in NaNoWriMo 2018 Caution! - Jerry Jenkins Participating in NaNoWriMo 2019? Caution! This wildly popular phenomenon,National Novel Writing Month, starts November 1, and you’re urged to write an entire novel by the end of the month. Wouldn’t it be great to actually finish a 50,000-word novel in 30 days? Since 1999, that very idea has inspired millions of writers from all over the world to embark on this journey. In 2015alone, more than 430,000 finished their manuscripts, and NaNoWriMo refers to them as novelists. Sounds fabulous, right? Need help writing your novel?Click here to download my ultimate 12-step guide. NaNoWriMo Benefits Well, I can’t argue with the upsides: The NaNoWriMo folks â€Å"believe stories matter.† So do I. And in the last 18 years since this effort began, countless writers have raved to me that NaNoWriMo was the vehicle that finally motivated them to actually finish. That’s no small thing. Over my four decades teaching writing, I’ve learned that the single most debilitating barrier to writers finishing writing their novels has been fear- fear that kills impetus. I can’t count the number who have told me they can’t get started, let alone finish. And as my film director son says about movies, simply producing one is a major accomplishment, let alone a good one. He compliments novice filmmakers for merely finishing. The same is true about writing a novel. So, yes, I’m all for anything that motivates a would-be novelist to start and (more importantly) to finish. NaNoWriMo Downsides However, I also have reservations. Now, hear me, I’m not trying to talk you out of trying this. If it’s the trigger that results in your first finished novel, bravo! But let’s take a closer look: NaNoWriMo reports that over the years, 250 of its participants have seen their manuscripts sell to traditional publishing houses. That means the authors were paid to be published rather than paying to be printed. Nothing to sneeze at. Until you do the math. A rule of thumb in book publishing is that an unsolicited manuscript has about a 1 in 1,000 chance of landing a traditional book deal. While the figure may be unscientific, it’s not hyperbole. That’s why I teach writing and publishing- so you can improve your odds. What are the odds your NaNoWriMo 2019 manuscript will be traditionally published? Without knowing the total number of novels written since the effort began (this is its 17th year), it’s impossible to say. But one thing I can say for certain: The odds are way worse than 1 in 1,000. In fact, if every success story had happened last year alone- in other words, had all 250 published novels come from only the 431,626 NaNoWriMo manuscripts completed last year- your chances of ultimate success would be 1 in more than 1,725. But those 250 traditionally published novels have come from all the NaNoWriMo manuscripts written since 1999. While not every year would have represented more than 400,000 writers, surely the total is in the millions. My NaNoWriMo 2019 Caution? Need help writing your novel?Click here to download my ultimate 12-step guide. As a writing coach, my goal is to help get your work to where it’s marketable to traditional publishers. That’s the sole purpose of this blog and The Jerry Jenkins Writers Guild. So, far be it from me to criticize a well-intentioned program like NaNoWriMo. It appears to me their goal is not to see you finish a pristine manuscript ready for the marketplace. Their aim, and it’s a worthy one, is to encourage. NaNoWriMo serves to prove to you that you can both start and finish a novel of at least 50,000 words. And that’s just what many writers need. If you believe it would work for you, motivate you, get you to finally get going on your novel, I say go for it. My caution is to not make more of the result than it deserves. The benefit: You knock out a first draft. The danger: You assume your work is done. Bottom line: I applaud NaNoWriMo for what it’s meant to so many writers who need a deadline to finally finish novel manuscripts. I urge you to see the result as only that for now. Finishing your novel doesn’t make you a novelist. You’re still an aspiring novelist, and I’d LOVE to see you fulfill your dream. I’ve harped on this before: If getting traditionally published were easy, anyone could do it. The last part of the process that can be done quickly is getting your first draft down. Just realize that if you were building a house, what you would have after a month of frenzied work is the foundation and shell. Your novel’s foundation has been laid, and its studded shell is standing. Now how long will it take to wire it, plumb it, drywall it, trim it, paint it, and furnish it? A lot longer than a month, I can tell you that. And I’ve averaged an output of four books a year since 1974. Some things can’t- and simply shouldn’t- be rushed. If you’re gearing up for next month’s NaNoWriMo 2019 challenge, I wish you the best. Check back here the first week of December for what to do next. My hope is that your foundation and frame are ready for a lot of finish work. Will you participate in NaNoWriMo 2019? What will your writing schedule look like? Let me know in the comments below.

Leadership Lessons from Abraham Lincoln Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership Lessons from Abraham Lincoln - Article Example This article was published in the April 2009 issue of Harvard Business Review. The article includes an interview conducted between the author of the article and Doris Kearns Goodwin, who is the author of a 2005 bestseller book. The author has developed the interview by asking various questions relating to how President Abraham Lincoln was the best president America has ever seen and what made him develop such good qualities of leadership. Goodwin has also replied quite well to the questions asked and has quoted various examples along with presenting similarities and the dissimilarities between Abraham Lincoln and President Obama. The article is based on a number of insights, the basic one being that the lessons of leadership that were learned from Abraham Lincoln can not only be applied to the political viewpoint but also has the capacity to be utilized in other fields of life. Goodwin brings to the audience’s attention that both the former and current presidents always prefer those people who are best at what they do regardless of their dislikes towards the president himself. The basic purpose of choosing such colleagues was to work with people who had the ability to disagree and argue with the president at times when he was considered wrong. The next key concept that has been discussed in the interview is that even though the colleagues question our decisions and thinking regarding the situation, at the end of the day it is the leader who has to make the decisions and stand firm on that decision. The author quotes an example regarding the abolishment of slavery in the United States where many cabinet members opposed Lincoln but he made his decisions on what he felt was right. The author talks about other characteristics of Abraham Lincoln such as his emotional intelligence, which allowed him to learn from his mistakes, his charisma that made him loved by all even his competitors and

The QWERTY keyboard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The QWERTY keyboard - Essay Example A quintessentially American invention, the QWERTY design demonstrates one of the key principles of human development: the triumph of culture over logic and the survival of a tradition which may not be the fittest for purpose, but certainly wins the prize for durability under pressure. The initial design of the typewriter keyboard was motivated by an intention to slow down the writing process, for technical reasons due to the tendency of the metal keys to stick if they were moved too fast (Baron 27). Through trial and error, early type writer inventor Christopher Latham Sholes from Milwaukee came up with the mechanically optimal arrangement of characters: in four rows, all in upper case (David 333). A further refinement was added by production partner Remington in the form of a letter combination which allowed the word â€Å"TYPEWRITER† to be formed using only the top row of characters. (David 27). So it was that the combined demands of technology limitations and sales ambition led to the final QWERTY format. As is the way of things in the modern world, technology moved on rather rapidly, and competitors soon appeared on the horizon, eager to take the ideas that had gone before and transform them into something better and cheaper than existing models. The so-called â€Å"Ideal† keyboard appeared in the 1870s, using the sequence DHIATENSOR in the top row, based on a calculation of the frequency of letter use in the English language: these ten letters were sufficient to produce over 70 per cent of words in English (David 334). Other ideas which have emerged since then include the use of an arrangement based on alphabetical order and the famous Dvorak layout which places the most common consonants in the central right hand position and the vowels on the left. The aim of this distribution is to shorten the distance between the most common letters, and encourage left and right hands to work in sequence (Bridger 380) with the result that typing on this k eyboard layout becomes both faster and more accurate than the original QWERTY arrangement. The Dvorak arrangement (see figure 1 below) was named after its creator Dr August Dvorak, and the patent was filed in 1936, at a time when industrial factory-style systems were common, and typing pools were set up as a way of speeding up business communications. Fig. 1 QWERTY and Dvorak keyboards compared. Source: Bridger, p. 381. On the face of it, these alternative layouts look like eminently sensible improvements based on a desire to better match the machine layout to the natural attributes of the human hands and mind. In practice, however, these later layouts have been rejected by mainstream typewriter and later also computer production in favour of the early QWERTY version. This raises the question why the older model has stuck, and improvements have been rejected. The answer comes down to a combination of different factors. Some of these are due to the momentum that the QWERTY layout gai ned in the critical years of atomization in the United States. As companies were set up they designed integrated systems which fed into each other, so that for example sales, processing of orders and invoicing were conducted by letter and telephone, and instead of handwritten ledgers, typewritten documents were used, and then retained in filing systems. People were appointed to undertake these tasks, equipment was bought, training was provided and everyone

How Is the Continual Battle of Nature vs Human Technology Represented Essay Example for Free

How Is the Continual Battle of Nature vs Human Technology Represented Essay Explain how Bradbury uses this story to question human’s reliance on technology The house was created for the sole purpose of serving mankind. The house cannot save the family, or humans, from the viciousness of a nuclear bomb. By the time the reader is exposed to the house, the owners have been eradicated, â€Å"their images burned on wood in one titanic instant†. The house continues to make breakfast, have little robotic mice that clean the house, and even read poetry for, essentially, no one. When the story begins, it appears that machinery has triumphed over humans. Humankind might have fallen beneath the powerful nuclear bomb, but technology has not. Furthermore, while the family relied on the house to take care of them, the house does not require them to survive. However, as the story proceeds, the reader watches as the house is attacked by a fire. As the house scrambles to save itself, there is a sense of panic. â€Å"Doors sprang tightly shut† and â€Å"blind robot faces peered down with faucet mouths gushing green chemical†. In the end, the house succumbs to the blaze and crumbles. The only bit of technology remaining is the dying voice of the house, proclaiming the current day to be â€Å"August 5, 2026†. While technology has ultimately lost the battle of survival, humans lost the war long ago. Bradbury uses this story as a warning of just how little technology and nature care for the endurance of humanity. â€Å"Not one would mind, neither bird nor tree, if mankind perished utterly. And Spring herself, when she woke at dawn. Would scarcely know that we were gone. † This is seen throughout the story, as the house continues to function without the aid of the family that owns it. Humans developed this technology to help them, but the technology does not care if humans are around to use its services. Ultimately, Bradbury warns not about the advancement of technology but rather the complete dependence on it. The conveniences that the house provides appear to be beneficial, but in the end are completely useless. Bradbury also points out the lack of â€Å"humanity† within the machinery of the house. Instead of a family having to cook and clean, the house does it for them. There is no love within the house. While it would require more work, perhaps it would be more meaningful for a family to work together to keep their house running properly. Instead of being a mere house, it would become a home. Techniques Bradbury uses throughout the story? 1)Personification 2)Foreshadowing 3)Suspense 1)The most often used literary technique to describe the house is personification, where you give inanimate objects human-like characteristics. The stove is given human actions, In the kitchen the breakfast stove gave a hissing sigh and ejected from its warm interior. This passage shows that Bradbury has given a breakfast stove the ability to hiss a sigh. Stoves are not physically able to sigh. Rain is personified, And the rain tapped on the empty house, echoing. The rain did not literally tap on the house, it means that the rain was making noise as it fell and came into contact with the house. 2)Bradbury uses is foreshadowing, hinting clues that suggest events that will later happen. The voice-clock sang, worriedly, Ticktock, seven o clock, time to get up, time to get up, seven o clock! As if it were afraid that nobody would. This shows that the house was sensing something was going to be different today. It foreshadows that something bad may happen. There is a fire in the house, Smoke and silence. A great quantity of smoke. . The silence is foreshadowing that the house has given up and died. Foreshadowing is used by Bradbury to hint later events. 3)Bradbury uses suspense to create an effective story. The dog is injured from the nuclear bomb. â€Å"†¦once huge and fleshy, but now gone to bone and covered with sores†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This creates suspense because it makes the reader wonder if the dog is going to survive. When a fire is ablaze in the house. â€Å"The fire burst the house and het it slam flat down, puffing out skirts of spark and smoke†. It makes the reader wonder what will happen next and how the house is going to result. Suspense is used to build up the excitement of the reader making them want to read on to find out. In conclusion, personification, fore shadowing and suspense are used to create â€Å"There Will Come Soft Rains†. Bradbury uses literary elements to make a successful short story.

Stolen and Forged Artwork Essay -- Art Essays

Stolen and Forged Artwork Since the beginning of its existence, art collecting has been a rather dangerous endeavor. Artwork fakes and even stolen art have been documented since the days of ancient Rome. Even then, the Romans often sought classical Greek artwork and sculptures, and more often than not, works purchased were by Roman artists trying to imitate classic Greek works (Kaufman 36). Today, modern day forgers are still trying to fool art enthusiasts and are becoming increasingly sophisticated in their methods. Acting as a double edged sword, advances in science allow for easier detection of a forged work; however, the same techniques are used by the forgers to make their works more authentic looking. Recently, art forger Ely Sakhai was charged by American authorities for a multi million dollar scam in which he fooled collectors and auctions houses, including Christie’s in London, into buying fakes. He has been accused of buying masterpieces by artists such as Monet, Renoir, and Gaugin, before selling copies. A recent incident in May of 2000 involved the artist Gaugin’s Vase de Fleurs. The painting was offered for auction at both Christie’s and Sotheby’s at the same time. The painting at Christie’s was deemed a fake and the sale was cancelled, but Sotheby’s went ahead with the sale, making 169,000 dollars for Sakhai. He currently faces twenty years in jail if convicted, along with a 1.1 million pound fine for twenty-five faked paintings (Black 22). After the boom of sales for Impressionist paintings in the 1980s, an increase in demand for fine art is encouraging an industry in fakes. Helped along by art dealers interested only in their personal profit, questionable works are passed along to buyers compl... ... Luckily, museum curators recognize this. Works from exhibitions are constantly being removed and re-evaluated in order to preserve the integrity of art history. As long as art is in demand, regardless of the efforts of art historians and scientists alike, the forgery industry continues to expand. Before long, the question will no longer be, â€Å"is it fake?† but rather, â€Å"is it real?† Works Cited Black, Edward. â€Å"Art Dealer who Forged Ahead with Scam.† The Scotsman 62 (2004): 22-23. Conklin, John E. Art Crime. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1994. Dam, Julie K.L. â€Å"The Faking Game† Time (1997). Granger, Doug â€Å"Art Forgery† International Foundation for Art Research 03.30.04 Kauffman, Joshua. â€Å"Putting the Legal Squeeze on Stolen Art† Art Business News 36. Wilson, Claire. â€Å"Documenting Museum Forgeries† Art and antiques (2001): 34.

International Trade Law

Law chosen to govern a transactions is clearly state the legal consequences of their contractual activities for example the right, obligation, and remedies for involve parties, and they can choose the law of particular country or international law to govern their contract. International trade law (CISG) includes the appropriate rules and customs for handling trade between states and it forms part of domestic law if the involve parties are from the contracting state of CISG.With assistance from Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) for filling gap in the coverage of issues by the CISG which is the validity of contract, effect of contract on property and goods, exclusively or non-sale aspects for distribution agreement, and inability of sell for death or personal injury cause by the goods on any person. The domestic law that governs the transactions in Malaysia is the Contract Act 1950 and supplement from Sale of Goods Act (SOGA) 1957 (revised 1989) which is based on the English Sales of Goods Act.As a Malaysian lawyer, I recommend you choose the Contract Act 1950 and SOGA as the governing law because the business you based is on Malaysia home soil and it creates a familiar factor to you. Besides that, Contract Act 1950 and SOGA already govern the basic contract of goods and contract of insurance but they did not cover the contract of carriage. However, because of Malaysia still practices the Hague Rules by virtue of the Carriage of Goods By Sea Act 1950 (Revised 1994), you have to choose the Hague Rules to govern your contract of carriage even though there are prominent weaknesses.For contract of carriage, there is standard term used on trading call as International Commercial Terms (INCOTERMS), and Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF) and Free On Board (FOB) are the generally used term in the trade. So, I recommend you to practice FOB even through your product price will slightly lower due to bargain from buyer, but the cost will reflect on save at the transport o f the products. Besides, the main benefit is you do not need to make arrangement on carriage and thus this will reduced the burden to you as a seller’s responsibilities.Policies and regulations have the very close relationship because regulations are come under the policies. The policies and regulations at Malaysia are based on an open and encourage motive, so, normally you can smoothly doing your business on export the product out of Malaysia to foreign countries. This is see through the durian is one of the fruits that identifies by the Third National Agricultural Policy (1998-2010) (NAP3) as important role in creating competitiveness of the Malaysia fruit and vegetable industry in the ASEAN.However, you need to take care about different policies and regulations of your dealing countries which are ASEAN countries and China in order to gain the benefits from all your dealing exporter countries which are actually on the free trade area as ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and also ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA). Firstly, other than the list of preferential tariffs products that under the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) scheme , the 40% rules of origin are also one regulation that need to comply with in able to benefit from preferential market access.So, you need to obtain a different certificate of origin from Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) to trade at both free trade areas. Besides certificate of origin, there are regulations for the quality of trading goods on AFTA and ACFTA. Start from sign of AFTA and ACFTA, the ASEAN countries and China fruits market move to more open market as can see through the fruits quality control have been replace to which is more harmonize and standardize call as Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measurers (SPS).This is to prevent countries to protect their domestic agricultural producers from imports with stringent phytosanitary measures which are non-science based, discriminatory and non-transpar ent. So, you now can be more efficiently and effectively on export your product to these particular countries. ? Answer 2: International agreement different to domestic contract that only contracting within the familiar home country itself, it is more complicated in contracting with various countries and sometimes may be in unfamiliar countries.So in contracting International agreement, there normally required for more trade documents that covers wider range that classified under four main groups which is Financial, Commercial, official, and Transport and insurance documents. Compared to International agreement, domestic contract normally required fewer types of documents especially only commercial and insurance type. This is because domestic contract only contracting the goods move within country territory and did not cross over he national boarder, so documents like certificated of origin in Official group of documents, bill of landing (BOL) or airway bills (AWB) in Transport grou p of documents are not needed. Term of payment decide on International agreement is more complicated than for domestic contract in reasons of more person involve in the payment process for International agreement. This process can explained though the general example of payment term which is letter of credit (LC) that involve bank parties assistance by act as a middle man in the payment process.The next main difference between both is the risk face by each other. International agreement is exposed to a number of risks such as buyer’s risk, transport risk and transfer risk that may be also faced by domestic contract. However, these similar risks faced by the domestic contract will be lower in term of cost factor and some other risks such as exchange rate risk and country or sovereign risk will exclude to domestic contract that only contracting at local currency and local policies.Besides that, the transportation and delivery aspect must follow the international standard for ex ample the standardized dimensions of shipping pallets for International agreement, but this requirement is not so strict for the domestic contract. Product packaging and labeling aspect is also not so concern by domestic contract because it normally travels across short distance. However, for International agreement that the goods travel at long distance, export packaging must be suitable for the particular mode of transport in order to provide maximum protection.There are four different types of contracting methods available which is negotiating a complete contract, choosing international law to govern the contract, agree on standard form or terms, and standard industry contracts. Negotiating a complete contract is not suitable to you because your business was just at the beginning stages of entering the new market, so there are many ‘unknown’ on the others’ domestic law that will cause unfair situation in the contracting, thus this will also incurred even more time in making the final agreement.For your situation that deals with many countries, standard industry contracts seem more suitable to you but there are still not any single association that published the standard contracts of durian even though there are already mature grow of durian industry in ASEAN. Then, Standard terms contracting method is suitable to you not only because it is a speedy and convenient way of contracting, but it also benefit to you as an fferor that has priority in the ‘last shot doctrine’ in the courts. Besides, the objective of choosing international law to govern the contract is to provide more comfortably for other parties to enter the contracts, rather than selecting particular domestic law. So, as I recommend you to choose the Malaysia law as governing law, this method is clearly not suitable because it controversy to governing law that you chosen.The object clauses can create legal and practical problems to you in term of quality and specif ication of the goods you export. Certificate of origin is basic requirement for export goods to other countries, and as discussed before, you needs to obtain a certificate of origin ‘Form D’ from Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) for trade on AFTA, and ‘Form E’ for trade on ACFTA in order to fulfill the CEPT scheme.In other simply meaning, you must to obtain the certificate of origin in order to enjoy the benefit of tariff in the free trade area and simply act as a ‘passport’ that show approval to entering particular market. The packing aspect of goods’ specification creates the problem on the transport of durian to other countries by the strong odour of durian leaking out from the poor packaging.So you need to practice the suitable packaging method for your export durian especially your fresh durian that exported by air shipment. Besides that, you must prepare for the future of sustainable packaging that reflect in the designed in a holistic way and be made from responsibly sourced materials that are safe and effective throughout its lifecycle, meet criteria for performance and cost, meet consumers’ choice and expectations and, finally, it has to be recovered efficiently after use.For the price clauses, you better determine the price that can change over time subject to review and modification because there are fluctuate in the currency exchange among all the different countries that will cause huge lost if there are big differences between the current currency and the currency that agree on the fixed price agreement. Payment clauses also need to be aware because the method of payment will affect your receivable ability, and letter of credit seem more suitable for you because it emphasis more on the seller side through the process that provide more insure on receiving of payment for seller side.Penalty for late payment in this clauses will not only provide extra insure to you through the c harges gain for the late payment, but it also help in your financial arrangement due to the on-time payment and assurance of creditability of the buyer through the slightly higher of penalty being set. Delivery and shipment clauses will also raise problem through period time that involve in transport the perishable durian product.So, in order to maintained the product freshness especially when transport at long distance like to China, the date and also time must specify in detail referred to the time of harvest and the available of transportation to prevent any extra days or hours it incurred to transport the product. Besides that, port of shipment is also a critical element in this clause because the distance between the choosing port and the distribution centre determine the product freshness also.For example in China, you can choose the port of Guangzhou because it is considering being a centre for exporting Malaysian durian to China. As I suggest you to choose Malaysian law as t he governing law, you need to state this clearly in the clause of governing law. Besides, after state of the governing law is Malaysian law, follow by the jurisdiction will state Malaysia court is the place to resolve dispute. If this never state in the contract, it will depend on court to decide which law apply.The clause of passing of title and risk is also a vital term to consider when there are accidents happen to the goods on the carrier stage or incident of unpaid seller. ? Bibliography 1. AB Teoh. 2008. Exporting and International Trade [access on 15 July 2010] 2. Essential international trade law by Michelle Sanson. 2002 by Cavendish Publishing (Australia) Pty Limited. Available www. cavendishpublish. com. [access on 15 July 2010]

Do you think that cities can ever become sustainable?

In relation to cities, sustainability refers to development that lets the people living now get the things they need but without reducing the ability of people in the future to get what they need i. e. growth in a way that doesn't irreversibly damage the environment or use up resources faster than can be replaced. For example, an urban area that is growing by generating all its power from finite sources will exhaust its supply and could accelerate climate change. Megacities require so many resources that it is unlikely they will ever develop in a truly sustainable way, but there are things that can be done to make them develop in a way that is more sustainable. In order for urban areas to become more sustainable the key issues that need to be tackled are overcrowding, transport problems, crime and pollution. Exploring sustainability projects at different points along the urbanisation pathway in cities such as Shanghai (LEDC), Putrajaya (NIC), Chattanooga and London (MEDC) will give an insight as to whether city sustainability is more likely to be achieved in MEDCs or LEDCs. Whilst MEDCs may have the necessary resources and technology to make an impact on becoming more sustainable, their starting point is a much bigger ecological footprint. Therefore, there may be more potential in LEDCs becoming sustainable as they have a more appropriate use of intermediate technology. Shanghai, at the heart of China's economic surge, has realised that a key aspect of sustainability is transport. Their major challenge was to reduce energy demands and greenhouse gas emissions but at the same time maintain mobility within the city. The city developed an eco-friendly transport system which includes a network of 11 metro lines at a total of 325km which is integrated with a bus based mass transit system, reducing the need for people to use personal cars. A railway link to the new international airport, which involves the world's first commercial magnetic levitation trains capable of reaching 550kmh reducing travel time and greenhouse gas emissions, has been built. A reduction in the number of cars on the roads has occurred due to increasing licensing fees and restricted access to the city centre, whilst the electronic guidance system helps avoid congestion and keeps road traffic flowing. Whilst it is common for cities to encourage people to cycle by introducing cycle lanes, the 9 million cyclists in Shanghai may soon face a ban from major roads as the authorities struggle to control congestion and reduce the rising car ownership of the middle classes proving that their attempts to become more sustainable are failing. Furthering the transport systems, Shanghai is planning to create a new city designed to be completely sustainable, it will be called Dongtan and will be the size of Manhattan. It was to have been built on Chongming Island, near Shanghai, in the Yangtze River Delta. The first phase, comprising a city of 25,000 people, was due to have opened for the Shanghai Expo in 2010. By 2030 it was intended to house 500,000 residents. However no construction of the eco-city has taken place yet, so the project has fallen much behind schedule. It is claimed to be the world's first genuinely eco-friendly city powered by renewable energy sources (mainly HEP) and will be as close to carbon neutral as possible. However the waters are rich in aquatic life and it is an important feeding ground for migrating wetland birds, the construction of this city may cause a loss in habitats and safe resting places for the birds causing a loss in species diversity making this eco-friendly city not as sustainable as was hoped. Malaysia has become one of the many countries that have deliberately created a new capital city. In 1995 it was decided that the national government function should be moved from Kuala Lumpur, which remains the country's financial and commercial centre, to a greenfield site 25km south of the city. Putrajaya has a population of 67 964, and is located within a high tech zone 15km wide and 50km long known as the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC), Malaysia's ‘silicone valley' stretching southwards from the centre of KL and includes KL international airport, Putrajaya and Cyberjaya (a ‘smart' city specialising in education, research and high tech business). The spine of the MSC is an electronic superhighway (fibre optic network) that provides high speed computer links. A large lake is being created, surrounding an artificial island, which will play an important role in flood and pollution control, an environmental benefit, as well as providing recreational and aesthetic value. 40% of the 500 hectare site will be left as green space in an attempt to counteract any greenhouse gases emitted. The main five precincts will be situated in the core and will contain offices, banks, shopping centres and sports complexes. The peripheral area will contain residential neighbourhoods with housing for all incomes, with community centres, parks, places of worship, schools, hospitals and other amenities. There will only be a small amount of housing available for those on low incomes which means there will be a degree of exclusion as the city will be mostly enjoyed by the affluent. The city aims to be indigenous with a modern look, based on new town ventures in the US and UK, with the running efficiency allowing a relatively low rate of consumption of natural resources. However, the environmental impacts will be considerable as the construction and development of the city will involve utilising and modifying a Greenfield site. Nevertheless, high levels of recycling and better flood and pollution control will have positive effects on the environment. Cities in the MEDW will have a hard time ever becoming truly sustainable as they use vast amounts of energy to power the technology used every day. Chattanooga in Tennessee is a classic example of how a city can become more sustainable. In 1969 the US Environmental Agency named Chattanooga as the ‘dirtiest city in America', just over 21 years later it was applauded as the nation's best ‘turn around story'. Credit for the re-imaging of the city has to go to the partnership between the city authority and the Lyndhurst Foundation (sponsored by coca-cola) as well as many individuals. It has tackled issues such as building affordable housing, providing public education and alternative transport systems, conserving natural parks and green areas to help reduce the ecological footprint, reducing pollution and improving recycling facilities and development of the riverfront. Top down strategies such as the Clean Air Act which forces manufacturers to invest heavily in pollution-control equipment, and bottom up measures e. g. Vision 2000 programme which calls for all citizens to visualise the city as they would like it to become, from the responses an agenda evolved resulting in major developments. 10km of waterfront along the Tennessee River was redesigned into an urban park cutting through the heart of the city, made up of playgrounds, spaces for outdoor performances, fishing piers and shaded walkways, transforming the once rundown downtown area. The Tennessee aquarium has attracted many visitors, encouraging the development of the old warehouses surrounding it into shopping malls, restaurants and apartments. Transport has been improved to be more sustainable, by means of an electric shuttle bus service capable of moving a third of downtown commuters at a tenth of the cost of diesel vehicles. It is claimed to be the electric bus capital of the world, with the city manufacturing 22 seater buses that are marketed all over the world. Over 3000 inner city housing units have been renovated, and a zero emissions eco industrial park and a grass roofed convention centre have also been constructed. The sustainability of the city has been enhanced especially in terms of outputs. The environment has benefited greatly from the substantially reduced industrial and vehicle emissions as well as increased green space leading to a decrease in the ecological footprint. Residents have benefited from renovations of the housing and the downtown are. I believe that whilst these urban areas and many others are attempting to become more sustainable, there is still much more that can be done to improve sustainability. For example, housing can be built to be carbon neutral by using solar panels and insulation to reduce the ecological footprint. Public transport could be improved further to produce little or no harmful gases, such as London buses which run on Hydrogen. Renewable energy sources should be used more such as LA uses HEP from Hoover Dam, and whilst renewable energy sources will never generate enough power to support large cities, they should definitely be used more by cities that have large ecological footprints. I feel that as we are so dependent on technology in today's society, cities will never truly become sustainable.

Essay on Roaring 20s

Essay on Roaring 20s Essay on Roaring 20s Essays 1. There were 5 main reasons as to why Germany wanted to break the chains of the Versailles treaty. The 1st was that the allied troops occupied the Rhineland. This was the Western part of Germany that was occupied by the allies for 15 years and Germany couldn’t have military in this area. The 2nd reason was that Germany had to give Alsace Lorane back to France. The 3rd reason was that Germany had a small army. They were no longer allowed to have offensive weapons like tanks, planes, and ships. The 4th reason was that the Germans lost Sarr which was a state in Western Germany with coal mines, and raw materials. The 5th reason was the Germans lost Silesia which was given to Poland. The 6th reason was that Germany couldn’t unite with Austria, which was a place with a lot of German background. If this treaty was different a war would not have started. Germany was irritated and the treaty completely took advantage of them. 2. Adolf Hitler was an Austrian born child, and was the 4th of 6 children in his family. At the age of 16, Hitler dropped out of school, and moved to Vienna to become an artist. He went to an art academy and failed to succeed. He slowly turned into a bum. Joined in the army during WWI and was a runner for the Western front. Hitler was awarded an Iron Cross for his bravery. After WWI, Hitler became a spy for the German government. During this period Hitler joined a rationalist group (Nazis) and would become the leader of this 6,000 person group in 1921. This group would become stronger, and would later attempt to overthrow the government and fail. Hitler was thrown in jail and during this period he wrote a novel called Mein Kamf or â€Å"My Struggle†. He wrote about space and race. If Hitler had died during the war, there

10 Anthologies About Writing

10 Anthologies About Writing 10 Anthologies About Writing 10 Anthologies About Writing By Mark Nichol It is quite possible to spend the rest of your life reading about how to write and never get around to actually writing especially with so many convenient collections of writers’ ruminations like the ones listed and described below. 1. Bad Girls: 26 Writers Misbehave Twenty-six authors share confessions about their transgressions in this collection. 2. Behind the Mystery: Top Mystery Writers Mystery writer Stuart Kaminsky’s conversations with friends and colleagues from old-school authors like Elmore Leonard and Mickey Spillane to more recent talents such as Sue Grafton and Tony Hillerman are distinguished from similar interviews by their informality. 3. The Creative Writing Coursebook: Forty Authors Share Advice and Exercises for Fiction and Poetry Beginning, intermediate, and expert writers alike will benefit from this assortment of advice and activities from a diverse array of published authors. 4. The Paris Review Interviews This four-volume set, also available in individual volumes, features interviews with a who’s who of twentieth-century literature by George Plimpton, longtime editor of the Paris Review. 5. The Resilient Writer: Tales of Rejection and Triumph by 23 Top Authors Arthur Golden, Bret Easton Ellis, Amy Tan, and a score of other successful writers share the agony of rejection and the ecstasy of acceptance. 6. Why We Write: 20 Acclaimed Authors on How and Why They Do What They Do Twenty top writers answer a set of ten questions about their motivations for writing and about the favorite and least favorite aspects of their work. 7. Writers on Writing: Collected Essays from The New York Times 8. Writers on Writing, Volume II: More Collected Essays from The New York Times In these two collections of essays originally published in the New York Times in its weekly â€Å"Writers on Writing† feature, some of the greatest writers of our age explore both the practical and the artistic aspects of what it means to be a writer. 9. Writers On Writing: A Bread Loaf Anthology Twenty-five poets, short story writers, and novelists offer a series of literary workshops in book form, sharing their thoughts about the writing process. 10. The Writing Life: Writers on How They Think and Work This collection of entries of â€Å"The Writing Life,† a Washington Post column, shares the thoughts of dozens of celebrated fiction and nonfiction writers. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Book Reviews category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Math or Maths?The Letter "Z" Will Be Removed from the English AlphabetEducational vs. Educative

Film review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Film - Movie Review Example Here, time stopped, and life became a pursuit of pleasure. The head characters include Kenneth Branargh, Denzel Washington, Emma Thompson, Michael Keaton and Keanu Reeves, who find the right way to play out the misunderstandings, passionate love affairs, reconciliations and renunciations (film). When the movie starts, Beatrice and her friends are relaxing, when news of the arrival of Don Pedro, the Prince of Aragon (Denzel Washington), comes. He had come to spend time at Leonato’s (Richard Briers) villa. This was after squashing an uprising organized by Don John (Keanu Reeves). . For Benedick and Beatrice, they have been acquaintances for some time, and it takes their friends’ prodding to admit their feelings to each other. She is submitted to Benedick, just as he is to her. This couple is engaging, such that their differences are unnoticeable. However, for Hero and Claudio, they have an immediate attraction, love at first sight, but still have a lot know about each other. Claudio’s love then turns into loathe, but does not tell this Hero until their wedding day, when he denounces her (film). The whole production was as though Branargh sought to come with a bizarre diversion. It could be assumed that he knew the conventional comedy routines would prompt anything, apart from laughter. For the characters, Keanu Reeves is elegant and handsome and speaks his lines with authority. Just like Claudio and Hero, Beckinsale and Claudio behave with naà ¯ve genuineness, though they usually look numb at hearing the words that they speak. In general, the movie has done Shakespeare well, and it is